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1995-04-27
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SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
RESEARCH FINDING:
Children learn science best when they are able to do experiments,
so they can witness "science in action."
COMMENT:
Reading about scientific principles or having a teacher explain
them is frequently not enough. Cause and effect are not always
obvious, and it may take an experiment to make that clear. Ex-
periments help children actually see how the natural world works.
Scientific explanations sometimes conflict with the way students
may suppose that things happen or work. For example, most stu-
dents would probably think that a basketball will fall faster
than a ping-pong ball because the basketball is larger and heav-
ier. Unless a teacher corrects this intuitive assumption by
having the students perform an experiment and see the results,
the students will continue to trust their intuition, even though
the textbook or the teacher tells them the effect of gravity on
both objects is exactly the same and that both will reach the
floor at the same instant.
Many students have misconceptions even after taking a science
course because they have not had opportunities to test and wit-
ness the evidence that would change their minds. To clear up
misconceptions, students need to be given the chance to predict
the results they anticipate in an experiment. For example, the
mistaken idea that the basketball will fall faster than the ping-
pong ball can be tested experimentally. The teacher can then
explain why the original hypothesis was faulty. In this way
experiments help students use the scientific method to distin-
guish facts from opinions and misconceptions.
Champagne, A., and Klopfer, L. (l984). "Research in Science
Education: The Cognitive Psychology Perspective." In D.
Holdzkom and P. Lutz (Eds.), Research Within Reach: Science
Education. Charleston, WV: Appalachia Educational Laboratory,
Research and Development Interpretation Service. ERIC Document
No. ED 247l48.
Gentner, D., and Stevens, A. L. (Eds.). (l983). Mental Models.
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Gunstone, R., and White, R. (l98l). "Understanding of Gravity."
Science Education, Vol. 65, pp. 29l-299.
McCloskey, M., Caramazza, A., and Green, B. (l980). "Curvilinear
Motion in the Absence of External Forces: Naive Beliefs about
the Motion of Objects." Science, Vol. 2l0, pp. ll39-ll4l.